HIV Overview
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What Is HIV?
HIV attacks the immune system, damaging its ability to fight infections. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the life-threatening stage of HIV. However, the virus can be transmitted long before it reaches this stage.
New antiviral drugs extend the life spans of people living with HIV/AIDS. However, these drugs have serious side effects and don’t work for everyone.
HIV Transmission
HIV is transmitted between people when bodily fluids (blood and semen) enter the blood stream by contacting mucus membranes, cuts or abrasions. For adults in the U.S., HIV transmission mainly occurs through sexual intercourse and sharing hypodermic needles during drug use. Because it is fragile, HIV does not live outside of blood (in the air, water or on common surfaces).
The sexual practices most likely to spread HIV are engaging in anal and vaginal intercourse without using a latex condom. The highest risk is to the receptive partner. Although documented cases of HIV being transmitted through oral sex exist, the risk is not considered as high. However, oral sex is high risk for other STIs.
Avoiding HIV Infection
Learn as much as you can about Safer Sex Strategies. Use them appropriately for the situation and your personal values.
Safer Sex Strategies for Avoiding STIs:
Not having sex – Be able to refrain from sex when you don’t have protection. It is smart to avoid sex when intoxicated or if you (or your partner) wants to refrain from sex for any reason. This may sound obvious, but it is not always simple or easy.
Protection – Use a condom or other physical barrier that keeps each person’s sexual fluids from touching the other person. Protection should be used every time a person has sex, unless they are employing the strategy below.
Monogamy with testing – When a couple enters a stable, committed long-term relationship and test negative for HIV and other STIs, they can have unprotected sex. We recommend that young or newer couples use protection when they choose to have sex.
Remember the following things to avoid HIV infection:
- Use latex or polyurethane (not animal skin) condoms.
- Use a “dental dam” (a sheet of latex or plastic food wrap) during oral sex.
- Always avoid sharing a tattoo, ear, or body-piercing needle with anyone.
- Avoid sex while under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs. It impairs clear thinking and can lead to unsafe, unhealthy sexual behaviors.
- Be proactive: Reach and keep a clear agreement with your partner for consistent safer sex practices.
Myths
Help remove some of the stigma of HIV. Debunk the myths that HIV can be transmitted by the following:
- Sharing cups, kitchen utensils or a bathroom with an infected person
- Close contact with an infected person, such as hugging
- Donating blood
Resources
To learn more or to get involved, see Wellness and Health Promotion Services.
Llearn more about HIV*PACT.
For supplies and information to help you stay sexual healthy, visit the Sexual Health Peer Resource Center (SHPRC).